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Introduction Cryptography is the study and application of secure communication techniques within the presence of third parties known as adversaries. It deals with developing and analysing protocols those malicious third parties from retrieving info being shared between 2 entities, thereby following the assorted aspects of data security. A human being from ages had two inherent wants to speak and share information and speak by selection. These two want to rise to committal's art to writing the messages in such the most straightforward way that solely the meant individuals might have access to the data. Unauthorized individuals couldn't extract any info, even though the disorganized messages fell in their hands. The art of concealing the messages to introduce secrecy in info security is recognized as cryptography. The word 'cryptography' was coined by combining 2 Greek words, 'Krypto,' which means hidden, and 'graphene,' which means writing. History of Cryptography The art of cryptography is taken into account to change the state of the art of writing. As civilizations evolved, people, in general, got organized into tribes, groups, and kingdoms. This junction rectifier leads to the emergence of concepts like power, battles, supremacy, and politics. These concepts more oxyacetylene the natural want of individuals to speak in secret with selective recipients that successively ensured the continual evolution of cryptography. The roots of cryptography are found in Roman and Egyptian civilizations. Secure communication refers to the situation wherever the message or information shared between 2 parties can't be accessed by an associate human. In Cryptography, an assistant human could be a malicious entity that aims to retrieve precious info or information, thereby undermining data security principles. Core principles of contemporary cryptography   Confidentiality It refers to specific rules and pointers typically dead underneath confidentiality agreements that ensure that the data is restricted to particular individuals or places. Information Integrity It refers to maintain and ensure that the information stays correct and consistent over its entire life cycle. Authentication It is the method of creating positive that the piece of knowledge being claimed by the user belongs to it. Non-repudiation It refers to the ability to form positive that someone or a celebration related to a contract or a communication cannot deny their signature's genuineness over their document or the causation of a message. Evolution of Cryptography Within the digital age, cryptography has evolved to handle the encoding and decipherment of personal communications through the web and pc systems, a branch of cyber and network security, in a much more complicated manner than something the planet of cryptography had seen before the arrival of computers. Importance in Cyber Security The most basic uses of pc cryptography are for scrambling a chunk of text and causation it over the web to a far off location, wherever the information is unscrambled and delivered to the receiver. In this manner, pc cryptography and cybersecurity go hand-in-hand. Certificate Authorities (CAs) area unit answerable for passing out digital certificates to validate the possession of the encoding key used for securing Communication on a trust basis.   Written by Ms. Sonali Thakur B.Tech 2nd Year RBIENT, Hoshiyarpur, Punjab